Vital signs serve as fundamental indicators of life, encompassing essential physiological parameters such as body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure. However, in a broader context, vital signs also include other indicators of organismic vitality, such as level of consciousness, heart sounds, intestinal peristalsis sounds, and oxygen saturation. These indicators collectively offer insight into an individual’s health status, response to treatment, and overall physiological and psychological stress levels. The dynamic nature of vital signs is influenced by various factors, including environmental conditions, physical activity, and the presence of underlying medical conditions. Monitoring changes in vital signs enables healthcare providers to assess a patient’s general well-being and response to interventions, thereby guiding clinical decision-making and nursing care delivery.

Proficient measurement and continuous monitoring of vital signs constitute essential skills in nursing practice, facilitating the early detection of abnormalities and prompt intervention. Utilizing basic instruments such as stethoscopes, thermometers, and blood pressure monitors, nursing professionals accurately assess vital signs in clinical settings and during home visits. Further, employing comprehensive physical assessment techniques such as interviewing, visual inspection, and palpation aids in gathering pertinent information about the patient’s health status. Subsequent analysis of vital sign data informs the formulation of nursing care plans tailored to address individual patient needs.

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• Potter, P. A., & Perry, A. G. (2007). Nursing masterpiece series: Potter & Perry nursing basics: Knowledge and skills essential for practice (Ibe, T., Sup.). Elsevier Japan.
• Tanaka, Y. (Ed.). (2006). Evidence-based vital signs. Gakken.