The nursing process is a systematic and organized method in nursing practice that serves as a method for linking nursing theories and models to practice aimed at identifying individuals’ health issues and delivering optimal, personalized nursing care based on the systematic body of nursing knowledge and experience. It serves as a bridge connecting nursing theory and models to practical nursing applications. Typically, the nursing process involves five steps: assessment, nursing diagnosis (problem clarification), planning, implementation, and evaluation. These steps are interconnected, progressing dynamically in a spiral manner leading back to the next assessment based on the current evaluation. Moreover, the nursing process is established and develops within the interpersonal relationship between those being cared for and the nursing practitioner. Essentially, it is a cognitive process applying scientific problem-solving methods to achieve nursing goals within the framework of interpersonal support relationships.

To effectively employ the nursing process, various abilities and skills are essential, including diverse thinking skills (intellectual skills) such as problem noticing; critical thinking and decision-making skills to identify problems; flexible and creative thinking skills to devise solutions; interpersonal skills such as effective listening, communication, and information gathering; technical skills in developing methods to achieve specific outcomes or desired behavioral responses; and the capacity for caring, including the ability to perceive and respond to the emotions of care recipients.

• Alfaro-LeFevre, R. (2008). Learning the nursing process and nursing diagnosis from the basics (6th ed.; Emoto, A., Trans.). Igaku-Shoin.
• Japan Academy of Nursing Science, Nursing Academic Terminology Review Committee (Ed.). (1995). Nursing academic terminology (4th Academic Terminology Review Committee, p. 50). Japan Academy of Nursing Science.
• Yura, H., & Walsh, M. B. (1986). Nursing process: Nursing process assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation (2nd ed., pp. 180–181; Iwai, I., et al., Trans.). Igaku-Shoin.