The definition of health encompasses the holistic nature of the human being, considering the integration of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects. It acknowledges health as a dynamic and ever-changing phenomenon, represented along a continuum. The World Health Organization Charter of 1948 articulated health as a state of complete physical, psychological, and social well-being, extending beyond the mere absence of disease or infirmity. The Ottawa Charter in 1986 broadened the perspective, viewing health as a resource for daily life rather than a mere goal, encompassing social, personal, and physical dimensions.

Over time, the concept of health has evolved to include psychosocial, environmental, and cultural dimensions. Various models illustrate the gradual shift from a clinical physiological view of health to a social perspective, an adaptive model considering the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment, and a happiness theory model emphasizing well-being and self-actualization. This evolution reflects the expanded understanding of health in modern history. Recognizing health as a fundamental human right, individuals are entitled to access social welfare and security. Simultaneously, citizens bear the responsibility to actively participate in health promotion. Nursing, in this context, plays a crucial role in supporting the promotion of human health.

• Blaxter, M. (2008). What is health? In search of a new view of health (Watanabe, Y., Trans.). Kyoritsu Shuppan.
• Munakata, T. (1996). Health and disease from the perspective of the latest behavioral science. Medical Friend Publishing.
• Smith, J. A. (1997). The concept of health in nursing (Tsuru, H., Fujita, Y., Sasaki, Y., et al., Trans.). Igaku-Shoin.