Anxiety is characterized by a sense of unease, uncertainty, and worry, often arising when an individual’s perceived sense of worth is challenged. This emotional state stems from unspecified or ambiguous threats, contrasting with fear generated in response to specific, identifiable threats.

Manifestations of anxiety encompass a broad spectrum of physical, psychological, cognitive, and interpersonal symptoms. Physically, it typically triggers autonomic nervous system responses, including heightened pulse and breathing rates, dry mouth, sweating, increased urinary frequency, altered bowel habits, changes in appetite (e.g., overeating), nausea, vomiting, and insomnia. Emotional manifestations may include restlessness, trembling of the hands, irritability, depression, self-deprecation, and diminished self-confidence. Anxiety can also manifest cognitively and affect interpersonal relationships.

Anxiety is categorized into varying degrees of severity, ranging from mild to severe or panic levels. While mild anxiety can serve as a beneficial warning signal, heightening alertness and facilitating growth by stimulating learning and change, pathological anxiety emerges when its intensity, duration, or frequency becomes excessive or inappropriate. Individuals experiencing health-related concerns often exhibit varying levels of anxiety. Hence, nurses must assess the signs and severity of anxiety meticulously to implement suitable interventions to alleviate anxiety and provide necessary support.

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